Bradley WG, Borenstein AR, Nelson LM, Codd GA, Rosen BH, Stommel EW, Cox PA: Is exposure to cyanobacteria an environmental risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases?. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013, 14: 325-333.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chiu AS, Gehringer MM, Welch JH, Neilan BA: Does α-amino-β-methylaminopropionic acid (BMAA) play a role in neurodegeneration?. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011, 8: 3728-3746.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vega A, Bell EA: α-amino-β-methylaminopropionic acid, a new amino acid from seeds of Cycas circinalis. Phytochem. 1967, 6: 759-762.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Spencer PS, Nunn PB, Hugon J, Ludolph AC, Ross SM, Roy DN, Robertson RC: Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin. Science. 1987, 237: 517-522.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cox PA, Sacks OW: Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam. Neurology. 2002, 58: 956-959.
Article
Google Scholar
Banack SA, Cox PA: Biomagnification of cycad neurotoxins in flying foxes: implications for ALS-PDC in Guam. Neurology. 2003, 61: 387-389.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Murch SJ, Cox PA, Banack SA, Steele JC, Sacks OW: Occurrence of beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in ALS/PDC patients from Guam. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004, 101: 267-269.
Article
Google Scholar
Cox PA, Banack SA, Murch SJ: Biomagnification of cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease among the Chamorro people of Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003, 100: 13380-13383.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cox PA, Banack SA, Murch SJ, Rasmussen U, Tien G, Bidigare RR, Metcalf JS, Morrison LF, Codd GA, Bergman B: Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005, 102: 5074-5078.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dunlop RA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Rodgers KJ: The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e75376-
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rogers KJ: Non-protein amino acids and neurodegeneration: the enemy within. Exp Neurol. 2014, 253: 192-196.
Article
Google Scholar
Caller TA, Doolin JW, Haney JF, Murby AJ, West KG, Farrar HE, Ball A, Harris BT, Stommel EW: A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New Hampshire: a possible role for toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009, 10 (Suppl 2): 101-108.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Masseret E, Banack S, Boumédiène F, Abadie E, Brient L, Pernet F, Juntas-Morales R, Pageot N, Metcalf J, Cox P, Camu W: Dietary BMAA exposure in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cluster from southern France. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e83406-
Article
Google Scholar
Marles RJ, Barrett ML, Barnes J, Chavez ML, Gardiner P, Ko R, Mahady GB, Low Dog T, Sarma ND, Giancaspro GI, Sharaf M, Griffiths J: United States pharmacopeia safety evaluation of spirulina. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011, 51: 593-604.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Scott PM, Niedzwiadek B, Rawn DF, Lau BP: Liquid chromatographic determination of the cyanobacterial toxin beta-n-methylamino-L-alanine in algae food supplements, freshwater fish, and bottled water. J Food Prot. 2009, 72: 1769-1773.
CAS
Google Scholar
Spacil Z, Eriksson J, Jonasson S, Rasmussen U, Ilag LL, Bergman B: Analytical protocol for identification of BMAA and DAB in biological samples. Analyst. 2010, 135: 127-132.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Banack SA, Metcalf JS, Spacil Z, Downing TG, Downing S, Long A, Nunn PB, Cox PA: Distinguishing the cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) from other diamino acids. Toxicon. 2011, 57: 730-738.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li A, Fan H, Ma F, McCarron P, Thomas K, Tang X, Quilliam MA: Elucidation of matrix effects and performance of solid-phase extraction for LC-MS/MS analysis of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) neurotoxins in cyanobacteria. Analyst. 2012, 137: 1210-1219.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jiang L, Aigret B, De Borggraeve WM, Spacil Z, Ilag LL: Selective LC-MS/MS method for the identification of BMAA from its isomers in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012, 403: 1719-1730.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jiang L, Johnston E, Åberg KM, Nilsson U, Ilag LL: Strategy for quantifying trace levels of BMAA in cyanobacteria by LC/MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013, 405: 1283-1292.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Glover WB, Liberto CM, McNeil WS, Banack SA, Shipley PR, Murch SJ: Reactivity of β-methylamino-L-alanine in complex sample matrixes complicating detection and quantification by mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2012, 84: 7946-7953.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li A, Tian Z, Li J, Yu R, Banack SA, Wang Z: Detection of the neurotoxin BMAA within cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater in China. Toxicon. 2010, 55: 947-953.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Faassen EJ: Presence of the neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic ecosystems: what do we really know?. Toxins. 2014, 6: 1109-1138.
Article
Google Scholar
Yoon JY, Park HA, Kang JH, Kim KW, Hur YI, Park JJ, Lee R, Lee HH: Prevalence of dietary supplement use in Korean children and adolescents: insights from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009. J Korean Med Sci. 2012, 27: 512-517.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalafati M, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Sakellariou GK, Koutedakis Y, Kouretas D: Ergogenic and antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010, 42: 142-151.
Article
Google Scholar
Snyder LR, Cruz-Aguado R, Sadilek M, Galasko D, Shaw CA, Montine TJ: Parkinson-dementia complex and development of a new stable isotope dilution assay for BMAA detection in tissue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009, 240: 180-188.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hu Y, Ziffer H: Synthesis and optical resolution of the neurotoxin 2-amino-3-([15N]-methylamino) propanoic acid (BMAA). J Labelled Compounds Radiopharmaceuticals. 1990, 28: 581-586.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Park Y, Cassada DA, Snow DD, Rogers DG, Lee J: In vitro and in vivo safety assessment of edible blue-green algae, Nostoc commune var. sphaeroidesKützing and Spirulinaplantensis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011, 49: 1560-1564.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Banji D, Banji OJ, Pratusha NG, Annamalai AR: Investigation on the role of Spirulina platensis in ameliorating behavioural changes, thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress in offspring of pregnant rats exposed to fluoride. Food Chem. 2013, 140: 321-331.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hwang JH, Chen JC, Chan YC: Effects of C-phycocyanin and Spirulina on salicylate-induced tinnitus, expression of NMDA receptor and inflammatory genes. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e58215-
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tobón-Velasco JC, Palafox-Sánchez V, Mendieta L, García E, Santamaría A, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Limón ID: Antioxidant effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima in a neurotoxic model caused by 6-OHDA in the rat striatum. J Neural Transm. 2013, 120: 1179-1189.
Article
Google Scholar
Gargouri M, Ghorbel-Koubaa F, Bonenfant-Magné M, Magné C, Dauvergne X, Ksouri R, Krichen Y, Abdelly C, El Feki A: Spirulina or dandelion-enriched diet of mothers alleviates lead-induced damages in brain and cerebellum of newborn rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012, 50: 2303-2310.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stromberg I, Gemma C, Vila J, Bickford PC: Blueberry- and spirulina-enriched diets enhance striatal dopamine recovery and induce a rapid, transient microglia activation after injury of the rat nigrostriatal dopamine system. Exp Neurol. 2005, 196: 298-307.
Article
Google Scholar
Escalona-Cardoso GN, Paniagua-Castro N, Pérez-Pastén R, Chamorro-Cevallos G: Spirulina (arthrospira) protects against valproic acid-induced neural tube defects in mice. J Med Food. 2012, 15: 1103-1108.
Article
Google Scholar
Pabon MM, Jernberg JN, Morganti J, Contreras J, Hudson CE, Klein RL, Bickford PC: A spirulina-enhanced diet provides neuroprotection in an α-synuclein model of Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One. 2012, 7: e45256-
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Abdel-Daim MM, Abuzead SM, Halawa SM: Protective role of Spirulina platensis against acute deltamethrin-induced toxicity in rats. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e72991-
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Downing S, Banack SA, Metcalf JS, Cox PA, Downing TG: Nitrogen starvation of cyanobacteria results in the production of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine. Toxicon. 2011, 58: 187-194.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Holman BW, Malau-Aduli AE: Spirulina as a livestock supplement and animal feed. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2013, 97: 615-623.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar