Figure 5

Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showing the relationship between littoral macroinvertebrate taxa and environmental variables. All variables (lake morphometry, environment, water chemistry, and land use) were analyzed, but only those that were statistically significant (p < 0.05) were retained. High complexity (piscivorous and planktivorous / benthivorous fishes), low complexity (planktivorous/benthivorous fishes) and fishless (no fishes) indicates the complexity of fish assemblages. The x- and y-axis explain 34% and13% of the variation, respectively. Conductivity and salinity were omitted due to the strong correlation to TDS. Insert. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) using the same variables and data as in the large figure, identifying those macroinvertebrates that were captured in both littoral and pelagic samples. Locations of taxa captured in littoral samples are represented by circles and pelagic locations are represented by triangles. The changes in location between littoral and pelagic captures represent the changes in environmental conditions. Amphipods, corixids, and Zygoptera all moved up along the y-axis, demonstrating that the appearance in pelagic samples was associated with low fish complexity. Chironomids moved to the right along the x-axis, suggesting that when found in pelagic areas they were in lakes of higher salinities.