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Figure 1 | Saline Systems

Figure 1

From: Unravelling the adaptation responses to osmotic and temperature stress in Chromohalobacter salexigens, a bacterium with broad salinity tolerance

Figure 1

Hierarchical accumulation of the compatible solutes betaine, ectoine, hydroxyectoine and trehalose by Chromohalobacter salexigens. Betaine is accumulated by transport or after choline oxidation. Ectoines and trehalose are synthesized de novo. Betaine inhibits ectoine(s) synthesis and ectoine(s) suppress trehalose accumulation. In addition to osmoprotectants, betaine, its precursor choline, and ectoines, can be used as carbon sources (this has been represented by a curved arrows plus ATP close to ectoine, hydroxyectoine and betaine). The central scheme summarizes the present knowledge on the transcriptional mechanisms governing ectoine(s) synthesis. Abbreviations: AS, L-aspartate β-semialdehyde; γ-BBH, γ-butirobetaine hydroxylase; DA, L-2,4-diaminobutyrate; NADA, Nγ-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate; OH-NADA, 3-Hydroxy-Nγ-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate.

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