Table 2 Model parameters. Parameters used in CAEDYM to simulate ecological variables in Mono Lake.

K_d

Background extinction coefficient

m^-1

0.35

0.29–0.34^a

Source

^a Calculated from unpub data on in-situ light measurements

Phytoplankton

Parameter

Description

Units

Assigned values:

Values from field/literature

P_max

Maximum potential growth rate

d^-1

5.96

7.2^a

I_K

Parameter for initial slope of PI curve

μEm^-2s^-1

25

25^b

Kep

Specific attenuation coefficient

m² g C^-1

0.008

0.008^c

K_P

Half saturation constant for phosphorus uptake

mg L^-1

0.001

Low value as not P limited

K_N

Half saturation constant for nitrogen uptake

mg L^-1

0.0573

Calibrated

IN_con

Constant internal N ratio

mg N (mg C)^-1

0.0926

0.17^d

IP_con

Constant internal P ratio

mg P (mg C)^-1

0.026

0.048^d

θ_j

Temperature multiplier for growth

1.06

1.07^e

T_sta

Standard temperature

°C

19

T_opt

Optimum temperature

°C

22

T_max

Maximum temperature

°C

39.5

R_j

Metabolic loss rate coefficient

d^-1

0.302

Calibrated

θ_R

Temperature multiplier for metabolic loss

1.05

Calibrated

f_res

Fraction of respiration relative to total metabolic loss

0.693

Calibrated

f_DOM

Fraction of metabolic loss rate that goes to DOM

0.291

Calibrated

ws

Settling velocity

m d^-1

0.008

0.04–0.013^f

Sources

^aJellison and Melack 1993a, based on maximum value of carbon uptake measured from lake samples 1983–1990 assuming 50 g C g Chl a^-1

^b Jellison and Melack 1993a, based on minimum value of I_K measured from lake samples 1983–1990.

^cJellison and Melack 1993a.

^dJellison and Melack 2001, estimated from seston ratios during the summer period from monomictic years 1991–1995 1984

^eJellison and Melack 1993a, based on Q10 of 1.95.

^fJellison et al.. 1993.

Zooplankton

Parameter

Description

Units

Assigned values:

Values from field/literature

G_i

Grazing rate

g C m^-3 (g C m^-3)^-1 d^-1

1.12

1.26^a

A_zi

Grazing efficiency

-

1.0

Close to 1 as filter feeders

R_i

Respiration rate coefficient

d^-1

0.113

0.035–0.1^b

M_i

Mortality rate coefficient

d^-1

0.0107

0.0033^c 0.0262^d

f_eg

Fecal pellet fraction of grazing

d^-1

0.096

Kfz+kez = 0.36–0.68^e

f_ex

Excretion fraction of grazing

d^-1

0.49

DOmz

Minimum DO tolerance

mg L^-1

0.0

0–1.2^f

θ_i

Temperature multiplier for growth

1.055

1.22^g

Tmin

Minimum temperature

Deg C

6

6.8–9.0^h

θ_Ri

Respiration temperature dependence

1.10

K_i

Half saturation constant for grazing

g C m^-3

1.12

2.96ⁱ

IN_zi

Internal ratio of nitrogen to carbon.

g N g C^-1

0.208

0.197/0.218^j

IP_zi

Internal ratio of phosphorus to carbon

g P g C^-1

0.02

0.0135^k

PzPHY

Preference of zooplankton for phytoplankton

0.8

PzPOC

Preference of zooplankton for POC

0.2

Sources

^a [33, 44] (Artemia fransiscana optimal food 11 days old)

^b[33, 44] (Artemia fransiscana range of food 11 days old)

^cJellison et al.. 1993 (based on survival rate over 30 days)

^dDana and Lenz 1986 (based on survival rate over 26 days)

^eEvjemo et al.. 2000, Artemia fransiscana.

^fDO concentration at depth of deep Chl a maxima (unpub data).

^gJellison et al.. 1993 (best fit to temperature function used in model)

^h Jellison unpub data 1991–1994. (based on temperature at which total biomass < 0.01 before Spring growth)

ⁱ Evjemo and Olsen 1999 (Artemia fransiscana 11 days old, 26–28°C, Holling Type II)

^j Jellison unpub data (Females/Males)

^k [45]

Dissolved Oxygen and Nutrients

Parameter

Description

Units

Assigned values

Values from field/literature

S_dDO

DO sediment exchange rate

g m^-2d^-1

0.053

K_{DO_sed}

Half saturation constant for DO sediment flux

mg O L^-1

0.537

K_{DO_POM}

Half saturation constant for dependence of POM/DOM decomposition on DO

mg O L^-1

1.46

fanB

Aerobic/anaerobic factor

-

0.357

θ_POM

Temperature multiplier

-

1.03

1.02–1.14^a

R_POC

Mineralisation rate for POC to DOC

d^-1

0.12

R_POP

Mineralisation rate for POP to DOP

d^-1

0.1

0.01–0.1^a

R_PON

Mineralisation rate for PON to DON

d^-1

0.4

0.01–0.03^a

D_POM

Diameter of POM particles

m

0.000009

ρ_POM

Density of POM particles

kg m^-3

1109

KePOC

Specific light attenuation coefficient for POC

m² g^-1

0.00943

R_DOC

Mineralisation rate for DOC

d^-1

1

Set to 1 to eliminate DOP pool for simplicity

R_DOP

Mineralisation rate for DOP to PO4

d^-1

1

Set to 1 to eliminate DOP pool for simplicity

R_DOP

Mineralisation rate for DOP to PO4

d^-1

1

Set to 1 to eliminate DOP pool for simplicity

R_DON

Mineralisation rate for DON to NH4

d^-1

1

onset to 1 to eliminate DON pool for simplicity.

KeDOC

Specific light attenuation coefficient of DOC

m² g^-1

0.001

R_N2

Denitrification rate coefficient

d^-1

0.000864

0.1^a

θ_N2

Temperature multiplier for denitrification

-

1.08

1.045^a

K_N2

Half saturation constant for denitrification dependence on oxygen

mg N L^-1

1.75

R_NO

Nitrification rate coefficient

d^-1

0.00553

0.1–0.2^a

θ_NO

Temperature multiplier for nitrification

-

1.08

1.08^a

K_NO

Half saturation constant for nitrification dependence on oxygen

mg O L^-1

0.5

θ_sed

Temperature multiplier for sediment nutrient fluxes

-

1.05

S_dNH4

Release rate of NH4 from sediments

g m^-2 d^-1

0.0712

0.054–0.18^b

K_{DO_SdNH4}

Controls sediment release of NH4 via oxygen – Half saturation constant for sediment NH4 release dependence on DO

g m^-3

0.565

Sources

^aJorgensen and Bendoricchio 2001

^b Jellison et al.. 1993